Amphetamine psychosis3/15/2023 ![]() According to the DSM-5, a substance-induced psychotic disorder is present under the following circumstances: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (commonly known as the DSM-5) provides the gold standard for describing and diagnosing amphetamine-induced psychosis. These perceptions are referred to as formacanopia and formication, respectively.Īmphetamine-induced psychosis belongs to a larger family of mental health conditions called substance-induced psychotic disorders. Some classic examples of amphetamine-induced psychosis symptoms include the perception of seeing insects and of feeling them crawling on or underneath the skin. Hallucinations can involve any of the senses-auditory, visual, tactile (touch), olfactory (smell), or gustatory (taste)-and are often among the more obvious and distressing signs of psychosis. Examples of psychotic symptoms include paranoia, delusions, agitation, ideas of reference (this refers to when people experience coincidence or routine events as having special significance for them, e.g., believing that special messages are being broadcast to them from a highway billboard or through a radio host), and hallucinations. Psychosis refers to the state of being disconnected from reality and is the trademark symptom of disorders such as schizophrenia. It is these higher doses that make it much more likely that a person using amphetamines will experience symptoms of psychosis. Though most people recover from amphetamine induced psychosis, the presence of several factors make it less likely that a person will fully recover, including long-term usage, co-occurring substance use disorders, genetic predisposition to psychosis, and psychiatric comorbidities. Amphetamines are also used recreationally as they produce euphoria, especially in higher doses. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2012, more than 12 million Americans have used some form of amphetamines. ![]() In addition to their prescribed usage, amphetamines are sometimes used to boost athletic, cognitive, and creative performance.Ĭommonly encountered amphetamines include amphetamine itself, methamphetamine, MDMA (also known as Ecstasy), phentermine, and ephedrine, among many others. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.Amphetamines are stimulants of the central nervous system that are prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, and narcolepsy. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy.
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